NOTE: The following is a simplified guide to the adoption process. It is not intended to be a comprehensive source of information. Please visit www.cara.nic.in for the latest detailed adoption guidelines.

CARA Information: CARA is designated the central authority to deal with inter-country adoptions in accordance with the provisions of the Hague Adoption Convention, which was ratified by India in 2003.

Quick Navigation

Key Organizations in the Adoption Process

Understanding the roles of various organizations helps you navigate the adoption process smoothly. These entities work together to ensure the adoption process is smooth and the child's welfare is protected.

Adoption Committee

The adoption committee consists of:

  • The authorized office-bearer of the Specialized Adoption Agency concerned
  • A visiting doctor or medical officer from a government hospital
  • One official from the District Child Protection Unit
  • A representative of the Child Care Institution (if adoption is from a child care institution other than the SAA)
CARA

Central Adoption Resource Authority

  • Statutory body under the Union for Women & Child Development, Government of India
  • Functions as the nodal body for adoption of Indian children
  • Mandated to monitor and regulate in-country and inter-country adoptions
  • Deals with adoption of orphan, abandoned and surrendered children through recognized adoption agencies
SAA

Specialized Adoption Agency

  • Recognized by state government to place children in in-country and inter-country adoptions
  • Facilitates placement of orphan, abandoned and surrendered children in adoption
  • Facilitates the Home Study Report
  • Facilitates adoptions through CARINGS system
SARA

State Adoption Resource Agency

  • Functions as the executive arm of the state government
  • Promotes and facilitates the adoption programme in the state
  • Monitors adoption programme progress
  • Regulates adoption at state level
DCPU

District Child Protection Unit

  • Identifies orphan, abandoned and surrendered children in the district
  • Gets children declared legally free for adoption by Child Welfare Committee
  • Tracks progress of PAP applications registered with CARINGS
  • Works to ensure proper legal procedures are followed
CWC

Child Welfare Committee

  • Declares abandoned children legally free for adoption
  • Publishes information about child in newspaper
  • Obtains social investigation report from probation officer
  • Obtains non-traceable report from police
  • Uploads certificate declaring child legally free on CARINGS
CARINGS

Child Adoption Resource Information & Guidance System

  • Online information system for facilitating adoption programme
  • Guides prospective parents and agencies
  • Monitors adoption programme progress
  • Digital platform for registrations and documentation

Regional & International Bodies

These organizations handle specific aspects of the adoption process, particularly for passport, visa, and inter-country adoption matters.

RPO

Regional Passport Officer

Based on application with required documents and court adoption order, the RPO must issue a passport to an adopted child within 10 days of receipt of application. This is in accordance with circulars issued by the Ministry of External Affairs regarding issuing of passports to inter-country adopted children.

FRRO

Foreigner Regional Registration Office

Can exempt the issue of exit visa to the adopted child traveling out of the country. This requires a No-Objection Certificate and Conformity Certificate (required only for Hague Convention-ratified countries) and adoption order from competent court.

IDM

Indian Diplomatic Missions Abroad

In inter-country adoption, they facilitate adoptions by liaising with concerned authorities to safeguard children of Indian origin adopted by Non-Resident Indians, Overseas Citizens of India or foreign parents against neglect, maltreatment, exploitation or abuse.

RBD

Birth Certificate-Issuing Authority

The local registrar must issue a birth certificate within 5 working days in favor of an adopted child on application filed by the SAA or adoptive parents. Names of adoptive parents and child's date of birth as per court adoption order are incorporated.

Important Adoption Terminology

Understanding key terms helps you navigate the adoption process with confidence. Here are definitions of important adoption-related terminology:

Adoption Fee

The fee as prescribed by the authority to be received from prospective adoptive parents directly (if living in India) or through authorized foreign adoption agency in inter-country adoptions.

Child Legally Free for Adoption

A child is deemed legally free for adoption when declared as such by the Child Welfare Committee as per the format provided in the guidelines.

Child Study Report

Contains details about the child, including date of birth and social background as per the format provided in the guidelines.

Disruption

Refers to the child not being able to adjust with the adoptive family after placement but prior to the completion of the legal process of adoption.

Dissolution

Refers to the legal annulment of the adoption on account of the child not being able to adjust in the adoptive family after obtaining the court decree for adoption.

Hague Adoption Convention

The 1993 Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in respect of Inter-Country Adoption. Provides framework for international adoptions.

Home Study Report

Contains details of prospective adoptive parents including social and economic status, family background, home description and atmosphere, and health status as per guidelines.

In-Country Adoption

Refers to adoption of a child by a citizen of India living in the country. Follows domestic adoption procedures and regulations.

Medical Examination Report

An account of the health condition of a child prepared by a duly licensed physician in the format provided in the guidelines.

No Objection Certificate

Issued by the authority permitting the child to be placed for adoption with foreign or overseas citizen of India or non-resident Indian prospective adoptive parents.

Pending Adoptions

Refers to adoptions where prospective adoptive parents are already registered or have accepted child referral before expiry, suspension or withdrawal of recognition of the SAA or child care institution.

Pre-Adoption Foster Care

The stage when prospective adoptive parents are given temporary custody of a child, till the competent court grants the adoption order.

Special Needs Child

Refers to a child who is mentally ill or physically challenged or both as specified in the guidelines. Such children may require medical care, external resources, or extra parental care.

Inter-Country Adoption

For Non-Resident Indians, Overseas Citizens of India, and foreign parents, the adoption process follows specific international guidelines under the Hague Adoption Convention. The process involves coordination between Indian authorities and the prospective parents' home country authorities to ensure the child's welfare and legal protection.

Need More Information?

For comprehensive and latest details about the adoption process, visit CARA's official website or contact our adoption experts.

Contact Us Visit CARA